Language and Culture in an Immigrant Society :: Cultural Identity Essays

The teacher of my phonetics human sciences course this year, ventured up to the platform on the main day of class, and astonished all of us with his emotions in regards to language. He started by revealing to us that he spends significant time in human wretchedness, maybe implying language is a wellspring of hopelessness. Dr. Tune is a Korean migrant and the hints of his own language repels him. Experiencing childhood in current society America has caused him to recoil at the sound of his local tongue. It is this equivalent local language of Korean that my teacher falls once more into when he is made anxious by an English talking individual inclining in nearer to him and squinting up his face expecting not to comprehend what will come out of his mouth before he even opens it. It seems as though the dissatisfaction and eagerness he has gone up against in individuals has cultivated a disdain for the piece of him that is remote.   Michael Agar, a main scholar on present day semantics, has proposed a purpose behind this relapse. In taking a gander at the subtle thought of culture we see that the substance is ever evolving. It is a ceaseless procedure one that Agar says isn't something those individuals make them something; that transpires. My teacher utilized a case of two sorts of drivers to show the various responses to the confusions that emerge with culture. These two drivers will be known as the first and second driver. The principal driver epitomizes the main sort and the second, the great driver. He utilizes the circumstance of traffic blockage to place these sorts into point of view. Envision a driver during traffic blockage. The main sort will say to himself, The framework is causing this bother, since it is consistently similar to this. To a main kind, it is this changeless truth that is the reason for any obstructions. This reality can be applied to nearly anything in a general public where we are en circled by reproducible pictures and encounters, which awards authorization to utilize generalizations. The issue (the traffic clog) is brought about by a thing out there and is generalized.   Be that as it may, there is a subsequent driver, the great driver. This driver doesn't generalize the circumstance and utilize the acknowledged truth.

The Paradox of Discovery in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frank

The Paradox of Discovery in Frankenstein   â In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, the idea of revelation is confusing: beginning disclosure is happy and guiltless, yet finishes in hopelessness and debasement. The desire of both Walton and Frankenstein (to investigate new grounds and to illuminate the obscure, separately) are framed with the noblest of goals yet a deadly negligence for the sacredness of common limits. Despite the fact that the possibility of revelation stays romanticized, human unsteadiness totally adulterates all quest for that perfect. The defilement of disclosure matches the debasement innate in each human life, in that a youngster starts as an unadulterated and impeccable animal, loaded with amazement, yet solidifies into a self-assimilated, getting a handle on, excessively driven grown-up. Just by novel's end does Walton perceive that he should relinquish his own aspiration (the mapping of beforehand unfamiliar land), out of worry for the valuable existences of his group.  The initial two events of disclosure happen very right off the bat in the novel, in Walton's first letter to his sister. He looks at his emotions on the campaign to a kid's bliss (14). Walton helps her to remember his uncle's enormous library of revelation writing (stories of sailors and globe-trotters), all of which he ate up as a kid. He composes of his failure when his dad disallowed him, on his deathbed, to set out in a nautical life (14). Walton later discloses to Frankenstein that his team is on a journey of revelation; it just at the notice of this word Frankenstein consents to board the boat (24).  Once ready, Frankenstein describes his history. Frankenstein, as well, was controlled by an energetic obsession: the craving to get logical information, and to make an indestructible... ...ich might be portrayed as an edgy dependence on discoveryâ is a fine idea yet a perilous practice. Man's characteristic blemishes spoil any claimed philanthropic objective; all endeavors at disclosure are at last uncovered to be degenerate, narrow minded, and illegitimate.  Works Cited and Consulted: Streams, Peter. 'Exceptional Science/Unhallowed Arts': Language, Nature,and Monstrosity. The Endurance of Frankenstein. Ed. George Levine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Ed. Candace Ward. New York, Dover, 1994. Sparkle, Muriel. Mary Shelley. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987. Stevenson, Leslie. The Study of Human Nature: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Walling, William A. Mary Shelley. New York: Twayne, 1972. Wolff, Robert P. About Philosophy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.  Â

Book Riots Deals of the Day for December 13th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for December 13th, 2019 Sponsored by Read Harder Journal, a reading log brought to you by Book Riot. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals The Unlikely Escape of Uriah Heep by H. G. Parry for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Something in the Water by Catherine Steadman for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. The Future of the Mind: The Scientific Quest to Understand, Enhance, and Empower the Mind by Michio Kaku for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. The Priory of the Orange Tree by Samantha Shannon for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals What Doesnt Kill You Makes You Blacker: A Memoir in Essays by Damon Young for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. The Rage of Dragons by Evan Winter for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): Ten Women by Marcela Serrano, translated by Beth Fowler for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Queen of the Conquered by Kacen Callender for $2.99 Internment by Samira Ahmed for $3.49 Blackfish City by Sam J. Miller for $1.99 Travels by Michael Crichton for $1.99 A Prince on Paper by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Invasive by Chuck Wendig for $1.99 Marlena by  Julie Buntin for $1.99. The Dragon Republic by R.F. Kuang for $2.99 Slayer by Kiersten White for $1.99 Chasing Down a Dream by Beverly Jenkins for $2.99 The Field Guide to the North American Teenager by Ben Philippe for $1.99 The Ten Thousand Doors of January by Alix E. Harrow for $2.99 I Believe in a Thing Called Love by Maurene Goo for $2.99 Im Telling the Truth, but Im Lying by Bassey Ikpi for $2.99 Upstream: Selected Essays by Mary Oliver for $4.99 Vita Nostra by Marina and Sergey Dyachenko, translated by Julia Meitov Hersey for $1.99 Opposite of Always by Justin A. Reynolds for $1.99 All About Love: New Visions by bell hooks for $1.99 How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe by Charles Yu for $2.99 News of the World by Paulette Jiles for $2.99 A Woman is No Man by Etaf Rum for $2.99 Dont Call Us Dead by Danez Smith for $2.99 Wild Beauty by Anna-Marie McLemore for $2.99 The Gilded Wolves by Roshani Chokshi for $2.99 Florida by Lauren Groff for $4.99 Fatality in F (A Gethsemane Brown Mystery Book 4) by Alexia Gordon for $4.99 Reckless by Selena Montgomery for $3.99 Fruit of the Drunken Tree by Ingrid Rojas Contreras for $4.99 Black Water Rising by Attica Locke for $1.99 The Bone Witch  by Rin Chupeco for $0.99 Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds for $2.99 The Ensemble: A Novel by Aja Gabel for $4.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson for $5.99 Ark by Veronica Roth for $1.99 Ten Women by Marcela Serrano for $3.99 Flights by Olga Tokarczuk for $4.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Ormeshadow by Priya Sharma for $3.99 Sisters of the Vast Black by Lina Rather for $3.99 Prophecy  by Ellen Oh for $2.99 Along for the Ride  by Mimi Grace for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Essay Arguing the Opposition of Censorship - 867 Words

Arguing the opposition of Censorship For centuries, government nations and society have been withholding certain pieces of information from the public to ensure safety and prevent catastrophic out bursts; this detainment of public knowledge is called censoring. Censorship started in the early twentieth century, when profane literature began to surface in the wake of World War I; ever since then its been a normal part of all society. Without the use of censorship and the methods used to sustain information, society would evolve and erupt into complete and utter chaos. What is censorship? Censorship is what the government calls â€Å"Official supervision and control† of information shared amongst people within a set society. Banned books,†¦show more content†¦The freedom of information should only be granted if it serves a beneficial purpose (Censorship and Freedom). Censorship laws are also put into place to protect the nation against leaked confidential information. In recent years people such as Edward Snowden and U.S. Army Private First Class Bradley Manning, have been arrested by authorities on the impression that these individuals were responsible for supplying WikiLeaks- a popular website founded by Julian Assange- thousands of classified United States documentary. These leaks brought upon by Manning and Snowden, have caused global uproar and exposed a plethora of cases in the U.S. Making both men traitors to the nation. Government officials who may leak private, classified documentation, regardless of the cause or reason, are legally inclined to consequence and prosecution for breaking their sworn oaths of secrecy. Any individual soliciting or publishing leaked information is inclined to punishment. (Censorship and Freedom). Ever wonder why all the television programs, internet sites, movies and music- audio or video- everyone is so enveloped in has those rating tags, blocked out content, bleeped out words or explicit content labels? Well, thats all a form of censorship. Censorship for movies and television programming regulated effortlessly, as the visual media were approved to have deepShow MoreRelatedHip-Hop Culture Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesis due to the censorship in the music industry. The censorship in hip-hop music is established as artists begin to use some controversial and confrontational words in lyrics. Gangsta rap is the most typical example, which uses language that incites crime and encourages violence. As far as I am concerned, the censorship in music has positive side as well as negative effect. Analyzing difference between censored and uncensored version of â€Å"My Name Is†, we can find that the censorship gets rid of thoseRead MoreSOPA: A Righteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagesproviders to restrict the access of foreign websites that are not in accordance with the act. This would essentially make the foreign websites practically nonexistent to all American internet users. As it is common with any topic as controversial as the censorship of the entire internet, it has drawn a lot of big names on both sides of the fence. On one side of the fence are have the people who are for the bill; this includes many big music and movie companies who say that they are losing billions due toRead MoreIn this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe unpleasant realization of the world. Holden believes that the South Park movie puts fear into the conservative society because of the vulgar language and explicit content. Holden maintains that South Park is really about mass entertainment, censorship and freedom of speech. I can use this in my research paper because the author discusses the positives of the crude language in South Park. Stephen Holden has been published for related articles in major newspapers and magazines for over forty yearsRead MoreNatural Law- Rules Discoverable By Reason, Govern Scientific958 Words   |  4 Pagesorganized society. Natural Rights- Rights that belonged to all humans from birth that included right to life, liberty, property. John Locke- Optimistic view of human nature, people were basically reasonable and moral, wrote Two Treatises of Government arguing that people formed governments to protect their natural rights, proposed radical idea that government has obligations to people and their rights. Philosophes- Means philosophers. Montesquieu- Studied governments from variety of places, criticizedRead MoreHow Chinese Policies Helped Strengthen Or Weaken Uyghur Identity?1723 Words   |  7 Pagesovert resistance, and covert resistance. Overt resistance ranges from peaceful protests that can potentially evolve into violent riots and attacks on people and property. Many Uyghur’s tend to advocate for Uyghur to master the Mandarin language, arguing that only through the mandarin language and secular education will the Uyghur’s become better equipped to compete against the Hans. Many Uyghur intellects believe that the Uyghur process must evolve through science and western education. AnthropologicalRead MoreThe Formation Of Solidarity And The Emergence Of The Third Way1450 Words   |  6 PagesFormation of Solidarity and the Emergence of the Third Way, 1980-1982 Ever since Poland became officially incorporated into the Soviet Bloc and the PZPR usurped power within the one-part political system, there were numerous instances of anti-communist opposition that invariably encountered repression and persecution at the hands of the pro-Soviet government. In the context of the present discussion, however, the roots of concerted effort to undermine or reform the state-regulated socialist economy canRead MoreMain Problems Facing Russia in 1894 How Had They Been Dealt with by 19141677 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy was just starting to develop and opposition to the Tsar was building up. Russia was still behind Europe in terms of the political regime, the social conditions and the economy. Nicholas II who was a weak and very influenced by his mother and his wife had to deal with Russia’s troubles during his reign. In order to ascertain how successfully Russia dealt with its problems by 1914, this essay will examine the October Manifesto and the split of the opposition, how the Tsar became more reactionaryRead MorePersuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech1083 Words   |  5 Pagesplay when we consider the rest of the amendment. There are four main pieces that relate to the people’s ability to portray their ideas: we have the freedom of speech to voice our opinions vocally, the right to publish our ideas without government censorship, the right to assemble under a peaceful pretense and the right to petition for a change in government if we the people are displeased with the current state of affairs. Those are all well and good, but over the years people have surmised ways toRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Age of the Enlightenment, the institution of religion has had to contend with the opposition of science regarding the issues of the origins of the world and of the human species. Up until around the end of the 17th century, the church was the authority on how the world and everything in it had come to be. However, with the great intellectual revolution came thinkers such as Galileo, Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, and many others who challenged the biblical assumptions with empiricallyRead MoreFour Theories of the Press1514 Words   |  7 Pagesdictatorship (Whiz Mass Comm, 2011). The libertarian theory came up in opposition to the authoritarian theory where they justify their power as a means to protect and preserve a divinely ordained social order. In most countries that practice this system, leaders would grant charters or licenses to media practitioners who could be jailed if ever they violate charters and their charters or licenses could be revoked. Ergo, all types of censorship were easily possible. Although this theory may seem very strict

How The Constitution Balance The Needs Of The Individual

How well does the Constitution balance the needs of the individual with the needs for an orderly society? The United States Constitution has been in place for more than 200 years. It provides both the rights for the people and the rules for the government. Our founding fathers made it so that the government does not have total control over the people, and vice versa, the people’s rights do not overpower the government. The constitution basically balances the rights and the rules evenly, but there are conflicts with having a balanced society. One thing that one might say about an American is how â€Å"free† they are. The people of America have the Bill of Rights to thank for that. The First Amendment in the Bill of Rights states that the†¦show more content†¦That was the good side of it, but on the downside, since everyone equally expresses their own personal opinions on matters, there could be some conflict. For instance, just recently there has been some debate in South Carolina about the confederate flag. In South Carolina, they had the confederate flag raised at monuments. Some people said that the flag symbolizes the support for racism, while others say that the flag shows the state s heritage. Under the first amendment, it is perfectly legal to raise and support the confederate flag even though it supports the idea of slavery. The flag was eventually taken down from the monument after the state legislature ordered its removal (Ellis). Another thing about the freedom of speech is since there is no censorship, people of the United States are allowed to view any website. Which is nice because it allows citizens to look up, upload, and stream whatever they want, unfortunately this leaves things open for predators and allows easy access to porn sites and places to buy drugs. If there was censorship, then we wouldn’t have to worry about these things, but we wouldn’t be able to have the same privilege to go to any website as before. It would basically be like how some websites are blocked on school computers even if the students we not looking up anything inappropriate. It balances out the pros and cons, but it is a little more lenient on the side of the individuals.

Positive Psychology †a Well Lived Life Free Essays

What constitutes a well-lived life? Defining the meaning of life and the conditions, traits and features of a well-lived life is a question that throughout history engrossed theologians, philosophers, artists and, more recently, positive psychologists. This essay outlines findings from a selection of the literature and research to answer this question with the aim of identifying whether happiness is the true sign and the ultimate goal and marker of a well-lived life. This review of the literature has yielded findings that possessing a disposition towards gratitude is not only indicated to be present in a well-lived life, but can enhance and improve mental, physical and spiritual life outcomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Psychology – a Well Lived Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The different research models used to explain, measure and identify the markers of a well-lived life are briefly outlined, and finally further research directions are indicated to expand understanding about how gratitude affects life satisfaction outcomes in specific populations. A challenge in researching this topic is that the literature describes happiness and well-lived in terms that are used by different researchers interchangeably and inconsistently. In this essay and in accordance with the literature reviewed, the terms happiness and the well-lived life are used synonymously. Definitions A problem with defining a well-lived life is that the terms well-being and happiness (Frey, 2011; Kristjansson, 2010), and the good life and happiness (Dunn Brody, 2008) are used by researchers interchangeably. Indeed Diener (2000) notes that the very term well-being has come to be known in common usage as happiness. Seligman (2011, pp 420) notes that sometimes the terms happiness and well-being define emotions whilst at other times refer to activities. This ambiguous terminology has caused some to criticize Positive Psychology but, as both Lazarus (2003) and Kristjansson (2010) point out, precise definitions to describe a well-lived life have also eluded philosophers and other academics for over 2,000 years. Imprecision of terminology aside, many have attempted to describe the conditions required to nurture a good or well-lived life. Some researchers have described the good life as one full of the hedonistic pursuit of frequent positive experiences (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, Schkade, 2005). Others have described it in terms of the result of employing unique talents to achieve abundance (Seligman, 2002), whilst still others have argued that the good life involves personal growth (Bauer, McAdams, Sakaeda, 2005). Seligman (2002) argues that these descriptions are all valid because there are different pathways to happiness, although it is by combining them that one lives a full or well-lived life. He describes these pathways as the pleasant life, concerned with hedonistic pursuits, the good life, concerned with gratification of desire and the meaningful life, using ones talent to serve a higher purpose (Seligman Royzman, 2003). Research Findings And Challenges Early studies involved in identifying precisely what elements contribute to life satisfaction involved field research with participant self-reported satisfaction ratings recorded against a range of factors (Diener, 2000; Lazarus, 2003; Lyubomirsky et al. , 2005). Self reported satisfaction ratings are problematic because they are, as noted by Kristjansson (2010), by their very nature subjective. People in difficult situations can report themselves as living a good life, whereas people who are in happier circumstances can report themselves as having low life satisfaction. Additionally the factors used to measure life satisfaction are problematic because what some would consider critical to a well-lived life may be anathema to another (Bauer et al. , 2005) or not supported by the participants culture (Diener, 2000; Peterson, Ruch, Beermann, Park Seligman, 2007). Further research is indicated to firstly identify what factors are actually desired in a good life, rather than simply measuring and reporting happiness levels (Kristjansson, 2010). Diener’s (2000) and Peterson et al. 2007) findings appear to support Kristjansson’s suggestion (2010). Both research studies identified significant cross country differences not only in the rates of life satisfaction but also the factors rated as important to life satisfaction. The findings appear to indicate that individualistic cultures, or those that place high value on individual choice and desires, and collectivist cultures, where the needs of group are paramount, prioritise factors contributing to life satisfaction differently (Diener, 2000). By way of example, Diener (2000) notes that participants from collectivist cultures may sacrifice personal desires for the common good, and this is not a normative feature of individualistic cultures. Diener further notes that sacrifice in collectivist cultures may, in fact, benefit the individual by providing them with the knowledge they are performing their duty. The concept of personal sacrifice as a factor affecting life satisfaction does not appear to be studied in the literature reviewed for this essay. Despite the significance of the findings in both studies, the researchers note a limitation of their design is that is that they relied upon self-selected participants who were motivated enough to complete the survey (Diener, 2000; Peterson et al. , 2007). This may have resulted in bias. Conclusions concerning differences in cross cultural impacts upon life satisfaction levels and factors are not unanimous. A study conducted by Linley, Joseph, Harrington and Wood (2006) found no significant difference in life satisfaction ratings or factors amongst participants from different cultures, ages or gender. A limitation of this research however, as noted by the authors, is that the study only included a small number of countries with participants who could speak and respond in English (Linley et al. , 2006). It may well be that the participants who responded to the survey were Westernised. Linley et al. (2006) indicate that the study should be repeated using a multi-lingual questionnaire so that participants are drawn from a wider sample. The Social Component of a Well Lived Life Examining the literature outlining models related to a well-lived life yields important clues towards determining the ultimate signs of a well lived life. The three pathways model of a full life which includes the pleasant life of hedonistic pursuits, the good life full of desire gratification and the meaningful life (Seligman Royzman, 2003), has been criticized because the model could be applied to the non ethical, such as drug dealers, as well as those engaged in more ethical activities alike (Kristjansson, 2010). Seligman (2000) noted this as a possibility but argues this is not problematic because science is not concerned with morality. Morality aside, anti-social activities do not necessarily promote relationships and research indicates that a well lived life does indeed involve actions that promote positive social relationships (Bauer et al. , 2005; McCullough, Kimeldorf Cohen, 2008; Peterson et al. , 2007). One way that Kristjansson (2010) suggests that the thorny issue of morality and psychology could be overcome is by applying values to define those behaviours that fall outside of societal norms, although this may result in other issues if these norms are restrictive. Although Kristjansson is not a psychologist, the idea that a well-lived life should involve societal norms does seem to be supported by Diener (2000) who suggests that societal pressures do have some bearing upon individual life satisfaction reporting. Building on the concept that a life satisfaction includes a social component, Bauer et al. (2005) argue that a well lived life includes social experiences and the ability to ascribe those experiences to a positive meaning. They go on to explain that in psychological terms this translates to having a balance between social interactions and having positive feelings about them (Bauer et al. 2005). These findings imply that there is indeed a social element to a life well lived which is supported by further research. Peterson et al. (2007) found that the sociable character traits such as gratitude have strong effects upon life satisfaction. Indeed Peterson et al. (2007) note that social character traits such as gratitude are more strongly c orrelated with life satisfaction than the three pathways to happiness (Seligman Royzman, 2003, pp 153). Gratitude As with a well-lived life, gratitude is not easily defined (Wood, Froh Geraghty, 2010). Although gratitude is variously described as an emotion, a trait and an action, nevertheless the literature indicates that a grateful disposition tends to be positively associated with happiness and a well-lived life (McCullough, Emmons Tsang, 2002; McCullough et al. , 2008; Wood, Joseph Maltby, 2008). Typically, gratitude is described as a response that occurs after the receipt of something perceived as positive due to the prosocial actions of another (Emmons McCullough, 2003). Aware of the limitations of previous field research, Emmons and McCullough (2003) attempted to apply a study design that randomly assigned participants to different treatment conditions. They found a difference in mean well being scores across gratitude treatment groups from the comparison group, although less than expected, concluding that gratitude tended to increase psychological, social and spiritual well-being. One of the limitations noted in the study design (Emmons McCullough, 2003), however, was that the study period was only three weeks long which ay not have been long enough to identify changes in responses. This limitation has been commented upon by others (Lazarus, 2003). Indeed, Lazarus (2003) notes in particular that the lack of longitudinal studies in Positive Psychology studies concerning life satisfaction makes it difficult to identify causation and track precisely how different circumstances affect individuals, whatever the factors that contribute to a well lived l ife. Kristjansson (2010) notes that this is not a problem unique to studies of well-lived lives. Wood et al. 2010) noted that the definition of gratitude used in the Emmons and McCullough (2003) study did not include all of the things participants reported gratitude for that did not include a benefactor. He proposed that gratitude includes an eight level hierarchical life orientation including in ascending order; noticing and appreciating life could be worse, life is short, the present moment, engaging in ritual acts of thankfulness, admiring beauty, focusing on what one has, appreciating other people and reflecting upon what one has to be thankful for (Wood, et al. 2010). Using this expanded definition, Wood, linked gratitude to the Big Five traits, used to broadly describe human personality (Watson, Clark, Harkness, 1994) and that people who are grateful tend to be more agreeable, sociable, less neurotic, conscientious and extroverted. Commenting upon the benefits of gratitude, L yubomirsky et al. (2005) note that an attitude of gratitude appears to be incompatible with negative life feelings such as greed and envy. They note that appears to encourage individuals to reflect on experiences and social relationships in a positive way. It has also been suggested that gratitude appears to protect individuals from depression (Wood et al. , 2010) and support recovery from injury (Dunn Brody, 2008). Possible Future Research Directions The literature indicates several interesting areas for future research. The first, based on observations by Wood et al. (2010) is that there have been only a few studies studying the direct relationship between gratitude and happiness. Given the lack of longitudinal research to date as noted by Lazarus (2003) and alluded to by Emmons and McCullough (2003), it may well be promising to conduct intra-individual longitudinal research of the impact of gratitude on an individual’s perception of happiness when experiencing the normal stressors of daily living (Lazarus, 2003). It may also be useful to apply a longitudinal study to examine if the things that make one grateful change across cultures, ages and genders (Diener, 2000; Linley et al. , 2006; Peterson et al. 2007) although it would be highly recommended to avoid using self-selected participants in the study. Conclusion Defining a life well-lived and the factors associated with it is a problem that has defied easy explanation for philosophers and other academics across the ages. Much of the previous research has involved recording self-reporting by participants. Given this and the fact that the very nature of happiness and a life well lived is a subjective e xperience, it has been argued that a propensity for gratitude impacts on an individual’s ability to view their lives in a positive way, despite individual circumstances. It has also been argued that an attitude of gratefulness has several physical and mental benefits for the individual, although these studies have not yet examined precisely if the factors that make an individual grateful change across cultures and genders. Further research is indicated in this fascinating area, possibly using longitudinal studies to explore how gratitude enables individuals to view adverse circumstances differently over time. References Bauer, J. J. , McAdams, D. P. , Sakaeda, A. R. (2005). Interpreting the Good Life: Growth Memories in the Lives of Mature, Happy People. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 88, 203-217. doi:10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 1. 203 Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. Dunn, D. S. , Brody, C. (2008). Defining the good life following acquired physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(4), 413-425. doi:10. 1037/a0013749 Emmons, R. A. , McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 84, 377-389. oi:10. 1037/0022-3514. 84. 2. 377 Kristjansson, K. (2010). Positive psychology, happiness, and virtue: The troublesome conceptual issues. Review Of General Psychology, 14(4), 296-310. doi:10. 1037/a0020781 Lazarus, R S. (2003). The Lazarus Manifesto For Positive Psychology And Psychology In General. Psychological inquiry, 14(2), 173-189. Linley, P. , Joseph, S. , Harrington, S. , Wood, A. M. (2006). Positive psychology: Past, present, and (possible) future. Journal Of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16. doi:10. 1080/17439760500372796 Lyubomirsky, S. , Sheldon, K. M. , Schkade, D. 2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review Of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131. doi:10. 1037/1089-2680. 9. 2. 111 McCullough, M. E. , Emmons, R. A. , Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 82(1), 112-127. doi:10. 1037/0022-3514. 82. 1. 112 McCullough, M. E. , Kimeldorf, M. B. , Cohen, A. D. (2008). An Adaptation for Altruism The Social Causes, Social Effects, and Social Evolution of Gratitude. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(4), 281-286. Peterson, C. , Ruch, W. , Beermann, U. , Park, N. , Seligman, M. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. Journal Of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 149-156. doi:10. 1080/17439760701228938 Seligman, M. E. P. , Royzman, E. (2003). Happiness: The three traditional theories. Adapted and edited by Paul Quek. Retrieved from http://pq. 2004. tripod. com/happiness_three_traditional_theories. pdf Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Authentic Happiness. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Retrieved July 27, 2012, from Ebook Library. Watson, D. , Clark, L. A. Harkness, A. R. (1994). Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology. Journal Of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1). 18-31. doi:10. 1037/0021-843X. 103. 1. 18 Wood. A. M. , Joseph, S, Maltby, J. (2008) Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(1), pp 49–54 Wood, A. M. , Froh, J. J. , Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010) Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 2010, Vol. 30(7), pp. 890-905. How to cite Positive Psychology – a Well Lived Life, Essay examples

The Libyan Conflict

Table of Contents Introduction Parties in the Libyan Conflict Conclusion Reference List Introduction The Libyan conflict pits the supporters of the Libyan leader, Muammar Gaddafi, on one side and the anti-Gaddafi forces backed by the international community. It began as peaceful protests that later degenerated into a rebellion after use of excessive force on the protesters by the supporters of the government opposed to the revolution. Both sides of the Libyan conflict struggle to gain control of the country’s leadership.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Libyan Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What began as peaceful protests against the autocratic regime, degenerated into a full-blown conflict that has even attracted involvement from the international community. The perception of the citizens that the regime is oppressive and dictatorial encouraged the mass protests. The pro-government for ces on the other hand are opposed to the perceived involvement of the international community and the Western countries to impose regime change in their country. Parties in the Libyan Conflict The conflict started with low-level protests against the government, which retaliated with violence against its citizens. The protesters gradually gained support even from within the â€Å"pro-Gaddafi community leading to the establishment of the Transition National Council based in Benghazi† (Cimmino, 2011). The main interest of staging the revolt was to topple the oppressive regime and establish a democratic rule. The response of the Libyan leader and his supporters opposed to this revolt involved use of excessive force to quell the violence. However, the protesters have gradually continued to gain support from the citizens and the international community. The international community’s involvement is to protect the civilians and establish a peaceful environment to settle the co nflict. The incompatible goals in this conflict lie in the opposition to Gaddafi’s oppressive rule. The government’s counteroffensive response characterized by heavy use of military weapons and threats by the pro-government forces against the rebels show the government’s determination to remain in power moreover; the government also censored communication media including the social media for fuelling the conflict. The protesters want to end the oppressive and corrupt regime that is accused of infringement of human rights. The conflict was fueled by poor economic theories coupled with corruption and tribalism, which have contributed to low living standards of the citizens despite the country’s rich oil reserves. The conflict underwent an escalatory spiral from a peaceful protest to violent conflict attracting the involvement of the international community (Folger, Poole, Stutman, 1997, p.67). Initially, most Libyans manifested the avoidance cycle, as they feared the conflicts would turn out to be costly. However, after the government’s violent response to protests, many joined forces with the rebels.Advertising Looking for article on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the Lens model, the protesters perceive the Gaddafi’s rule as oppressive and corrupt and ought to be replaced with a democratic leadership (Dana, 2001, p.123). On the other hand, the Gaddafi leadership perceives the protesters as motivated by the West and thus resists any attempt to topple him from power. The conflict spread starting from the Western cities involving Libyan citizens of all cultures and of both gender. Conclusion In a conflict, various parties are influenced to participate by taking sides based on the current perceptions of the issues past or present. The parties involved in a conflict tend to respond based on their perceptions of the situation. In Libya, the co nflict involves the government forces and the anti-government rebels who want to topple the regime based on their perception of the regime as corrupt and oppressive. The Lens model facilitates an objective view to a conflict by both of the involved parties in order to arrive at peaceful agreement. Reference List Cimmino, R. (2011). North Africa Revolution Series: Libya. 30/03/2011. Retrieved from https://oneaggieland-blog.tumblr.com/post/4064234449/north-africa-revolution-series-libya Dana, D. (2001). Strategy of Conflict Resolution. New York: McGraw Hill. Folger, P., Poole, S., Stutman, K. (2001). Working Through Conflict: Strategies for Relationships, Groups, and Organizations. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Press. This article on The Libyan Conflict was written and submitted by user Averi Dunlap to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.